Cloning

Open the link and view each of the sections under "Cloning in Focus". For each section, answer the question.

What is Cloning?

1. Who is Dolly?
The sheep cloned.

2. When a zygote divides into to separate cells, it is called:
Cleavage

3. Somatic cells are also called
Body Cells

4. In order to clone a gene, a gene is inserted into a
Cloning Vector


5. In order to create an embryo from a somatic cell, the donor egg cell must have its removed.



6. List all the materials needed to clone a mouse.
Mimi
Black Egg cell Donor
Surrogate mother
Microscope
Petri Dishes
Blunt Pipette
Chemical to stimulate cell division



7. Place the following steps in the correct order.

4 Stimulate cell division
6 Deliver baby
2 Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg cell
1 Isolate donor cells from egg donor and germ cell donor
3 Transfer the somatic cell nucleus into the egg cell
5 Implant embryo into a surrogates mother

8. There are two time gaps in the process of cloning. What are they? (ie. what do you have to wait for?)
Waiting for the cells to Adjust
Wait for the cells to divide


9. What color with the cloned mouse be? Brown What is the name of this mouse? Mini Mimi

Why Clone?
Medical Purposes
For research



10. Why is cloning extinct animals problematic?
Because it can create invasive species

11. What are some reasons a person might want to clone a human?
Super Humans Like Albert Enistein can be a donor or Michael
Jordan

The Clone Zone


12. What animal was cloned in 1885? Sea Urchin


13. How did Spemann separate the two cells of the embryo of a salamander in 1902? A Baby's Hair



14. The process of removing a nucleus is called Enucleation

15. In 1952, the nucleus of a Frog embryo cell was placed into a donor cell. Did it work to clone the animal? Yes


16. Can the nucleus of an adult cell be injected into an egg cell and produce a clone? Yes


17. Why are mammals hard to clone? The DNA is very complex and mammals develop differently depending on environment.




18. What were the names of the first two cloned cows? Fusion and Copy


19. In what year was the National Bioethics Advisory Council formed? 1900's



20. The first mammal clone to be produced from an adult (somatic) cell.
Dolly

21. What do scientists do to adult cells to make them "behave" like embryos?_____________________________________


22. Transgenic, cloned sheep were used to produce what medical protein? ______________________________


23. What is a stem cell?a cell whose job in the body is not yet determined

Cloning Myths


24. Briefly describe in your own words, why CC the cat was not identical in color to Rainbow, even though she was a clone.
THe surrogate mother was a different color than Rainbow.





25. What is "nature vs nurture"?





Is it Cloning or Not?

26. For each of the following scenarios, indicate YES (it is cloning) or NO (it is not cloning)

YES Sperm taken from a mole goat is combined with a female's egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female's uterus to develop
YES A sheep embryo, composed of 16 cells, is removed from the mother's uterus and separated into indivudal cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity.
NO A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother.
NO In vitro fertilization
YES Cell nuclei from an extinct wolly mammoth are placed into enucleated cow cells.



27. Define or describe each of the following processes (you may need to reset the Cloning or Not Screen)


Invitro fertilization


Embryo splitting


Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer

Artificial Insemination

What Are the Risks of Cloning?

28. What is one reason why cloning animals has such a high failure rate?



29. What is a telomere and how does it affect cloned animals?





What Are Some Issues in Cloning?


30. Pick one of the questions to ponder and ....ponder it. Write a brief essay on your thoughts and opinions.